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Gearbox and transfer-case alignment.

A Niva shouldn't have serious transmition vibrations. If it does it means something's amok, and should be attended to before it does damage.

Vibes are usually be caused by a misaligned transfer-case (see below to fix). But they can also be caused by softened rubber mounts on the gearbox and/or transfer-case, a soft or worn or soft donut, cracks in the floor around the 'box or transfer-case cross-merber mouns, cross-member nuts not being properly tight, worn universal or CV joints, worn slip joints on the drive shafts, or out of balance drive shafts.

Hoodoo's TC Alignment Method/s (quickish and easy):

To ensure correct alignment, once everything in place, and with mounting bolts slightly slack, start engine. With TC in neutral, and difflock OFF, engage second gear and let idle. TC levers should not wobble, but be stationary. Adjust TC from underneath to achieve this.
The other method is to run the engine to about 3500rpm so that everything finds its own place. If all's well the TC levers in the cabin to be still (ie not vibrating or shaking) and you can bolt things back up and enjoy driving a vibe-free Niva.

Note: if the TC adjusting shims/spacers (3) are wrong (eg because the engine/gearbox mounts have sagged, etc) you'll need to add/remove some to get the TC at the correct height.

Ahma's Wire TC Alignment Method (also simple and looks easy to get things near perfect):

Before:

After:

Wire method for CV centre joint:

Also see:

Diagnosing & Rebuilding the Gearbox

Gearbox oil "overfill"

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